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This paper presents a discussion of selected factors affecting distribution and behaviour of mercury species in bottom sediments. This paper demonstrates that microorganisms, inorganic sulphides, organic matter, iron and manganese hydroxides, red-ox potential, chlorides and temperature are the main factors controlling the behaviour of this element in bottom sediments.
The results of comparative experiments on aerobic digestion of excessive activated sludge using hydrogen,peroxide and Fenton’s reagent are described. Fenton’s reagent was found to have a higher oxidation potential and, as a consequence, higher efficiency in a digestion process in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Fenton’s reagent was shown to improve sedimentation properties of sludge and...
The content of volatile hydrocarbons in the atmospheric air in Kraków as well as in the country in the vicinity of the A-4 motorway was determined. The air was sampled to canisters made of electropolished stainless steel. Determinations of hydrocarbons were performed on a gas chromatograph equipped with acryogenic trap and flame-ionization detector. The contribution of traffic to air pollution with...
Two-dimensional variance analysis of the results of determination of NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, F⁻, Al³⁺, Cl⁻, NH₄⁺,PO₄³⁻, Fe³⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, and pH and electrolytic conductivity of precipitation water samples collected in the Tricity area showed that transregional transport of pollutants affects air quality in this region. Over the large area of the Tricity agglomeration fluctuations in analyte concentrations...
The total amount of zinc extracted from soils in the Legnicko–Głogowski Copper Mining Region using either the McLaren and Crawford or Tessier et al. method differed within the limits of 2–35%, while the application of the latter method yielded higher results for 86% of analyzed samples. Amongst zinc fractions analyzed using the McLaren and Crawford method the fraction of zinc specifically bound and...
Research on the influence of filter humidity on bacterial survival in filter media was carried out. The results indicate that an increase in water content up to 93% of weight stimulated bacterial growth. When filter humidity was stable, the number of tested bacterial groups reached 10⁶ – 10⁷ cfu/cm² and did not change much within 105 days of the experiment. Strains of Pseudomonas dominated – their...
Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be toxic and carcinogenic for humans, and their contamination of soils and aquifers is of great environmental concern. Some microorganisms, mainly from the genera Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were found to be capable of transforming and degrading PAHs. These abilities may be useful in removal of PAHs from the environment. The successful application...
The results of studies on hemolytic and antioxidative activities of quaternary ammonium bromides and chlorides differing in alkyl chain length and with functionalized antioxidative group are presented. Pig erythrocytes (RBC) and their ghosts were used in experiments. The hemolytic studies permitted to determine the safe concentrations at which the compounds studied did not damage RBC membranes. RBC...
Aldehydes and their derivatives – primary alcohols and esters undergo ketonization in the gas phase in the range of 350-450 oC over multicomponental oxide catalyst – Zr-Mg-Y-O. This method is appropriate for processing mixtures of components. An experimental study was performed on ketonization of methyl esters fractions of waste fats and residuary alcohol fractions originating from industrial installations...
The content of DDT and its metabolites (p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDE) was determined in the muscles, liver and brain of crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.), carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), pike (Essox lucius L.) and sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus Haeckel) collected from breeding ponds in Knyszyn, Podlasie province. Two-stage column chromatography with Celit 545 and Florisil was used to extract DDT and its...
In the years 1996-1998 in the sewage treatment plant in Hajdów an experiment was set up in order to determine the optimal number of plants and the method of proliferation of Sida hermaphrodita R. on sewage sludge. The cultivation of Sida was carried out on especially prepared plots with an added 50 cm thick layer of sewage sludge. Two methods of plantation establishing (propagation) were used - generative...
This paper presents the results of analysis of samples of river water and bottom sediments for PAH and PCB content using previously developed analytical procedures. Conclusions are drawn as to the form and main places of occurrence of the above analytes in the various elements of the river ecosystem (water phase, suspension, bottom sediments). The dependencies which were found between the PAH and...
The most important solution in the new sodium chromate production process implemented in Alwernia Chemical Works is in-process recycling of chromic mud. This allows lessening the hazard to the natural environment resulting from released chromic waste. It also involves economical advantages. This paper presents studies on the optimisation of this process using of a fuzzy logic method. The influence...
Research was carried out on the total number of bacteria and the number of heterotrophic epiphytic bacteria occurring on the surface of four selected species of freshwater macrophytes predominant in the littoral zone of the southern part of Lake Jeziorak. The highest numbers of bacteria inhabiting the studied plants were found on the surface of the stems of lesser reedmace, and the lowest numbers...
A simultaneous effect of some amino acids and metals on the activity of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria in the process of microbiological sulphate reduction is studied. It has been established that the simultaneous presence of valine and one of the metals tested (cadmium, chromium or molybdenum) produces a synergetic effect of enhanced inhibitory effect relative to the effect at the presence of...
Chemical composition of water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels were investigated over three years, along two large rivers in NE Poland, with different hydrological regimes. One river was from lakeland and the second a typical lowland river with forests and high contributions of peatlands in the catchment. The study involved hydrological (specific runoff, river discharge) effects on the variability...
Investigations have been performed on phenolic compounds and allelochemical effect in soil from an apple orchard enriched with 1% apple leaves or roots and stored for 3 months at different temperatures (-5°C, +5°C and 20°C). As a result of the addition of apple residues to the soil its phenolic content increased 4-fold in the case of leaves and 7-fold in the case of roots. Temperature played a key...
Transport and accumulation of large amounts of natural and man-made substances takes place in the Odra River. The river is a significant source of pollution for the Baltic Sea. The presence of toluene in the samples of benthic sediments collected after the flood in 1997 was an unexpected find made within the framework of the International Odra Project (IOP). At that time, the origin of toluene, which...
This paper presents results of chemical and bacteriological examinations of surface and subsurface water layers of estuarine lake Gardno. The obtained data indicate that there are substantial differences in chemical compound concentrations and also bacteria number and activity between the water layers under investigation. Particularly great differences between microlayers and subsurface water refer...
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